Relationship between osteopathic manipulative treatment of the temporomandibular joint, molar shim and the orthostatic position: A randomized, controlled and double blinded study.

This randomized, controlled, double-blinded study related the effect of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the orthostatic posture using the molar shim (MS) as a postural adjustment factor. Twenty individuals classified with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) were randomly assigned to a treated group (TG, n = 10) and placebo (PG, n = 10). The independent variables were: MS and OMT of the TMJ. The dependent variables were: DC-TMD data; local pressure pain using algometry; and orthostatic posture assessed by the distribution of plantar pressures (baropodometry), in the evaluation periods before and immediately after the interventions. Results: pain did not show a statistically significant difference after the interventions. However, when comparing the Effect Size (ES) between the groups in the post-intervention moment, a moderate relationship was observed for the left trapezius muscle (0.51) and right and left TMJ (0.41 and 0.54 respectively). When correlating the pain and percentage of anteroposterior postural dislocation variables, a significant moderate inverse correlation was observed in the post-intervention moment. The results of the MS pointed to a significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) of the average peak pressure (Medium P) during the use of the MS (503.4 ± 44.1 kgf/cm2) and after performing the OMT (516.5 ± 49.6 kgf/cm2), both for the TG compared to the pre intervention moment (519.3 ± 42.9 kgf/cm2). There is a correlation between TMJ and orthostatic posture. OMT of the TMJ influences orthostatic posture. The MS can be added to the evaluative context of TMD.

GWAS Identifies New Loci for Painful Temporomandibular Disorder: Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a musculoskeletal condition characterized by pain and reduced function in the temporomandibular joint and/or associated masticatory musculature. Prevalence in the United States is 5% and twice as high among women as men. We conducted a discovery genome-wide association study (GWAS) of TMD in 10,153 participants (769 cases, 9,384 controls) of the US Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). The most promising single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were tested in meta-analysis of 4 independent cohorts. One replication cohort was from the United States, and the others were from Germany, Finland, and Brazil, totaling 1,911 TMD cases and 6,903 controls. A locus near the sarcoglycan alpha ( SGCA), rs4794106, was suggestive in the discovery analysis ( P = 2.6 × 106) and replicated (i.e., 1-tailed P = 0.016) in the Brazilian cohort. In the discovery cohort, sex-stratified analysis identified 2 additional genome-wide significant loci in females. One lying upstream of the relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 2 ( RXP2) (chromosome 13, rs60249166, odds ratio [OR] = 0.65, P = 3.6 × 10-8) was replicated among females in the meta-analysis (1-tailed P = 0.052). The other (chromosome 17, rs1531554, OR = 0.68, P = 2.9 × 10-8) was replicated among females (1-tailed P = 0.002), as well as replicated in meta-analysis of both sexes (1-tailed P = 0.021). A novel locus at genome-wide level of significance (rs73460075, OR = 0.56, P = 3.8 × 10-8) in the intron of the dystrophin gene DMD (X chromosome), and a suggestive locus on chromosome 7 (rs73271865, P = 2.9 × 10-7) upstream of the Sp4 Transcription Factor ( SP4) gene were identified in the discovery cohort, but neither of these was replicated. The SGCA gene encodes SGCA, which is involved in the cellular structure of muscle fibers and, along with DMD, forms part of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex. Functional annotation suggested that several of these variants reside in loci that regulate processes relevant to TMD pathobiologic processes.

La importancia del peritaje en el estudio comparativo histomorfológico del esmalte, dentina y cemento de dientes humanos y de otros animales

Los patólogos Médicos y Odontólogos reciben fragmentos mineralizados para que los mismos establezcan su origen, si se trata de dientes humanos o de animales. Estos materiales no permiten la clasificación de la especie cuando los caracteres anatómicos diferenciales se encuentran fragmentados o deteriorados por agentes físicos o químicos. Situación ésta donde se tornan necesarios exámenes histomorfológicos para tal clasificación. El objetivo del presente trabajo es proporcionar soporte científico al estudio de los fragmentos mineralizados, cuando es necesario establecer el origen e individualidad de los mismos. Para el siguiente estudio fueron utilizados cortes histológicos, longitudinales y transversales, por desgaste del esmalte, dentina y cemento dentario de cada mamífero estudiado, y analizados por medio de microscopía de luz. Los resultados demuestran con claridad y precisión que el análisis histomorfológico de las estructuras citadas posibilita la identificación y diferenciación de los géneros estudiados o excluyen la posibilidad de fragmentos dentarios examinados pertenecer al género Homo sapiens.

Pathologist and forensic odontologist receive mineralized fragments to identify their origin, if human or animal teeth. These structures don’t permit the classification of the species when the differential anatomical characters are fragmented or deteriorated by physical or chemical agents, where histomorphological studies are needed for such classification. The purpose of this study is to provide scientifical support to study the mineralized fragments, when it comes to the necessity of the establishment of the origin and individuality of them. For the present study longitudinal and transversal histological cuts by abrasion of the enamel, dentin and cement were utilized and analyzed by means of microscopy. The results have clearly and accurately shown that the histomorphologic analysis of the above-mentioned structures makes either possible to identify and differentiate the gender studied or to exclude the possibility that the dental fragment may belong to the gender Homo sapiens.